人胎球蛋白A(Fetuin-A)酶免試劑盒
美國(guó)*
【型號(hào)】 KT-800
【預(yù)期用途】
這個(gè)ELISA試劑盒是用來(lái)對(duì)血清、血漿、細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)上清液、組織提取液以及尿液中的人胎球蛋白A也叫做α-2-Heremans-Schmid糖蛋白(α2–Heremans- Schmid glycoprotein, AHSG)的濃度進(jìn)行定量檢測(cè)??梢酝ㄟ^(guò)對(duì)胎球蛋白A的檢測(cè)來(lái)診斷某些癌癥和血清蛋白的基因遺傳缺陷。血清胎球蛋白A下降是體內(nèi)炎癥的重要指標(biāo),并與冠狀動(dòng)脈硬化和心臟鈣化密切相關(guān);尿液胎球蛋白A與腎功能相關(guān)。該胎球蛋白酶免試劑盒僅供實(shí)驗(yàn)研究使用。
【生理學(xué)簡(jiǎn)介】
胎球蛋白A也叫做α-2-Heremans-Schmid糖蛋白,它的分子量是59kDa,擁有兩個(gè)氨基末端半胱胺酸蛋白酶抑制因子和一個(gè)較小的羧基末端區(qū)域。胎球蛋白A通過(guò)肝臟合成,分泌到血液中。一般來(lái)說(shuō),成人血液中胎球蛋白A的濃度范圍為0.5-1.0g/L。在胎兒體內(nèi),血清中胎球蛋白A呈現(xiàn)出高濃度。它會(huì)參與蛋白酶抑制活動(dòng)以及鈣代謝和骨生成的相關(guān)活動(dòng)。胎球蛋白A在骨骼和牙齒中積累,是生物學(xué)上的非膠原骨蛋白成分的主要部分。經(jīng)研究證明,胎球蛋白A會(huì)阻止鈣沉淀,是循環(huán)過(guò)程中的zui主要的鈣化抑制劑。zui近的研究表明,尿毒癥、血液透析患者的胎球蛋白A的濃度比正常健康人的低。腎功能衰竭患者的胎球蛋白A濃度低與心血管死亡率增高相關(guān)。另一方面,老年血清胎球蛋白A增高,更易患糖尿病,它是一個(gè)*的胰島素靈敏度下降指標(biāo)。甚至,有科研結(jié)果表明高胎球蛋白A濃度可以作為心血管疾病患者的一個(gè)獨(dú)立指標(biāo)。
【檢驗(yàn)原理】
這個(gè)ELISA的設(shè)計(jì),研發(fā)和生產(chǎn)的目的是對(duì)血清中人胎球蛋白A進(jìn)行定量檢驗(yàn)。該試劑盒是基于運(yùn)用兩種特定羊抗人胎球蛋白A多抗與人胎球蛋白A的不同抗原表位結(jié)合的“雙位點(diǎn)夾心”技術(shù)。
將標(biāo)準(zhǔn)品、質(zhì)控品、和含胎球蛋白A的預(yù)稀釋的的病人血清樣本加入到高度親和性的羊抗人胎球蛋白A抗體包被的微孔板中。經(jīng)過(guò)*個(gè)保溫孵育期后,人胎球蛋白A被微孔板內(nèi)壁的抗體吸附住,而各個(gè)孔中的游離蛋白質(zhì)被沖走。隨后,HRP標(biāo)記的多抗抗人胎球蛋白A抗體加入到各個(gè)孔中,形成了“捕捉抗體-人胎球蛋白A-HRP標(biāo)記示蹤抗體”的“雙位點(diǎn)夾心”結(jié)構(gòu)。游離的示蹤抗體在隨后的清洗過(guò)程中被沖走。HRP標(biāo)記的示蹤抗體被吸附到微孔板的內(nèi)壁,在3,3',5,5'-四甲基聯(lián)苯胺(TMB)和過(guò)氧化氫的混合基質(zhì)溶液中經(jīng)過(guò)一段時(shí)間的反應(yīng),測(cè)量吸光度。微孔板內(nèi)壁的胎球蛋白A與示蹤抗體連結(jié)的酶活性與樣本中胎球蛋白A的濃度直接成正比例。根據(jù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)品中不同的胎球蛋白A的濃度的吸光度,按照“點(diǎn)到點(diǎn)”或者“體積比例”繪制標(biāo)準(zhǔn)曲線,待測(cè)樣品中胎球蛋白A的濃度可以直接從標(biāo)準(zhǔn)曲線按測(cè)量到的吸光度得到。
【組成成分】
1. 胎球蛋白A抗體包被的微孔板:1塊×96個(gè)
2. 胎球蛋白A示蹤抗體:1瓶×0.6mL
3. 示蹤抗體稀釋液:1瓶×12mL
4. 胎球蛋白A檢測(cè)濃縮緩沖液:1瓶×11mL
5. ELISA 濃縮洗滌液,30X :1瓶×20mL
6. ELISA HRP基質(zhì):1瓶×12mL
7. ELISA終止液:1瓶×12mL
8. 胎球蛋白A標(biāo)準(zhǔn)品:5瓶
9. 胎球蛋白A質(zhì)控品:2瓶
【應(yīng)用本試劑盒已發(fā)表的文獻(xiàn)】
1. Stenvinkel P, Wang K, Qureshi AR, Axelsson J, Pecoits-Filho R, Gao P, Barany P, Lindholm B, Jogestrand T, Heimbürger O, Holmes C, Schalling M, Nordfors L. Low fetuin-A levels are associated with cardiovascular death: Impact of variations in the gene encoding fetuin. Kidney Int. 2005 Jun;67(6):2383-92.
2. Wang AY, Woo J, Lam CW, Wang M, Chan IH, Gao P, Lui SF, Li PK, Sanderson JE. Associations of serum fetuin-A with malnutrition, inflammation, atherosclerosis and valvular calcification syndrome and outcome in peritoneal dialysis patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2005 Aug;20(8):1676-85.
3. Sato H, Kazama JJ, Wada Y, Kuroda T, Narita I, Gejyo F, Gao P, Yamashita H. Decreased levels of circulating alpha2-Heremans-Schmid glycoprotein/Fetuin-A (AHSG) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Intern Med. 2007;46(20):1685-91. Epub 2007 Oct 15.
4. Lehtinen AB, Burdon KP, Lewis JP, Langefeld CD, Ziegler JT, Rich SS, Register TC, Carr JJ, Freedman BI, Bowden DW. Association of alpha2-Heremans-Schmid glycoprotein polymorphisms with subclinical atherosclerosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007 Jan;92(1):345-52. Epub 2006 Oct 24
5. Lim P, Collet JP, Moutereau S, Guigui N, Mitchell-Heggs L, Loric S, Bernard M, Benhamed S, Montalescot G, Randé JL, Guéret P. Fetuin-A is an independent predictor of death after ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Clin Chem. 2007 Oct;53(10):1835-40. Epub 2007 Aug 16
6. Ix JH, Wassel CL, Kanaya AM, Vittinghoff E, Johnson KC, Koster A, Cauley JA, Harris TB, Cummings SR, Shlipak MG; Health ABC Study. Fetuin-A and incident diabetes mellitus in older persons. JAMA. 2008 Jul 9;300(2):182-8.
7. Ix JH, Wassel CL, Bauer DC, Toroian D, Tylavsky FA, Cauley JA, Harris TB, Price PA, Cummings SR, Shlipak MG; for the Health ABC Study. Fetuin-A and Bone Mineral Density in Older Persons: The Health Aging and Body Composition (Health ABC) Study. J Bone Miner Res. 2008 Nov 18.
8. Giulia Bivona, Chiara Bellia, Antonietta Caruso, Daniela Butera, Bruna Lo Sasso, Patrizia Altavilla, Rosa C. Carollo, Gaia Chiarello andMarcello Ciaccio. Low Serum Fetuin A Levels and Cardiovascular Events in End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) Patients. Research Journal of Medical Sciences 2 (4): 200-202, 2008
9. Mario Cozzolinoa, Andrea Galassia, Maria Luisa Biondib, Olivia Turrib, Sergio Papagnic, Nicola Mongellic, Luigi Civitac, Maurizio Gallienia, Diego Brancaccioa Serum Fetuin-A Levels Link Inflammation and Cardiovascular Calcification in Hemodialysis Patients. Am J Nephrol 2006;26:423-429
10. G. Metry, P. Stenvinkel, A. R. Qureshi, J. J. Carrero, M. I. Yilmaz, P. Bárány, S. Snaedal, O. Heimbürger, B. Lindholm and M. E. Suliman Low serum fetuin-A concentration predicts poor outcome only in the presence of inflammation in prevalent haemodialysis patients. European Journal of Clinical Investigation 2008;38(11):804 - 811
11. Doris Hendig, Veronika Schulz, Marius Arndt, Christiane Szliska, Knut Kleesiek, and Christian Go¨ tting1. Role of Serum Fetuin-A, a Major Inhibitor of Systemic Calcification, in Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum. Clin Chem 2006;52:227-234
12. G. Marhaug, V. Shah, R. Shroff, H. Varsani, L. R. Wedderburn, C. A. Pilkington and P. A. Brogan. Age-dependent inhibition of ectopic calcification: a possible role for fetuin-A and osteopontin in patients with juvenile dermatomyositis with calcinosis. Rheumatology 2008 47(7):1031-1037
13. Marcello Ciaccio, et al. Changes in serum fetuin-A and inflammatory markers levels in end-stage renal disease (ESRD): effect of a single session haemodialysis. Clin Chem Lab Med 2008;46:212–214
14. J. J. Carrero, P. Stenvinkel, B. Fellström, A. R. Qureshi, K. Lamb , O. Heimbürger, P. Bárány, K. Radhakrishnan, B. Lindholm, I. Soveri, L. Nordfors & P. G. Shiels. omere attrition is associated with inflammation, low fetuin-A levels and high mortality in prevalent haemodialysis patients. Journal of Internal Medicine 2007; 263(3):302 – 312
15. C . Fiore , G . Celotta , G . Politi , L . Di Pino , Z . Casli , R . Mangiafico , S . Signorelli , P . Pennisi . Association of high alpha2-Heremans–Schmid glycoprotein/fetuin concentration in serum and intima-media thickness in patients with atherosclerotic vascular disease and low bone mass. Atherosclerosis 2007;195:110-115.
16. Sandro Mazzaferro, Marzia Pasquali, Francesco Pugliese, Giusi Barresi, Iacopo Carbone, Marco Francone, Daniela Sardella, Franco Taggi. Serum Levels of Calcification Inhibition Proteins and Coronary Artery Calcium Score: Comparison between Transplantation and Dialysis. Am J Nephrol 2007;27:75-83.
Human Fetuin-A ELISA Kit
Catalog Number: KT-800
Storage:This test kit must be stored at 2 – 8°C upon receipt.
INTENDED USE
This ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) kit is intended for the quantitative determination of human Fetuin-A, also known as alpha-2-HS glycoprotein (AHSG), in serum, plasma, cell culture supernatant, tissue extraction and urine. The measurement of Fetuin-A in serum or plasma aids in the diagnosis of some cancers and genetically inherited deficiencies of this serum protein. This Fetuin-A ELISA kit is for laboratory professional use.
SUMMARY OF PHYSIOLOGY
Fetuin-A, also known as alpha-2-HS glycoprotein, is a 59 kDa glycoprotein that consists of two amino-terminal cystatin domains and a smaller carboxyl-terminal domain. Fetuin-A is synthesized by the liver and secreted into blood stream, where its concentration in adult mammals ranges from 0.5 – 1.0 g/L. Fetuin-A occurs in high serum concentration during fetal life and involves in protease inhibitory activities and development-associated regulation of calcium metabolism and osteogenesis. It accumulates in bones and teeth as a major fraction of noncollagenous bone proteins Biologically, studies have demonstrated that Fetuin-A is the major calcification inhibitor found in circulation, where it interferes with calcium salt precipitation. Recent study has indicated that Fetuin-A level drops in uremic patients on hemodialysis in comparison to normal healthy controls. The low Fetuin-A level in patients with chronic kidney failure strongly associates with a higher cardiovascular mortality. On the other hand, it is demonstrated that a higher than normal serum Fetuin-A in older population associates incident diabetes, which is independent from other markers of insulin resistance. Further, a higher Fetuin-A level may be an independent risk marker of patients with for cardiovascular diseases.
ASSAY PRINCIPLE
This ELISA is designed, developed and produced for the quantitative measurement of human Fetuin-A in serum samples. The assay utilizes the two-site “sandwich” technique with two selected goat anti-human Fetuin-A polyclonal antibodies that bind to different epitopes of human Fetuin-A.
Assay standards, controls and prediluted patient serum samples containing human Fetuin-A is added to microtiter wells of microplate that was coated with a high affinity polyclonal goat anti-human Fetuin-A antibody. After the first incubation period, the antibody on the wall of microtiter well captures human Fetuin-A in the sample and unbound proteins in each microtiter well is washed away. Then a horseradish peroxidase (HRP) conjugated polyclonal anti-human Fetuin-A antibody is added to each microtiter well and a “sandwich” of “capture antibody - human Fetuin-A - HRP conjugated tracer antibody” is formed. The unbound tracer antibody is removed in the subsequent washing step. HRP conjugated tracer antibody bound to the well is then incubated with a substrate solution in a timed reaction and then measured in a spectrophotometric microplate reader. The enzymatic activity of the tracer antibody bound to the Fetuin-A on the wall of the microtiter well is directly proportional to the amount of Fetuin-A in the sample. A standard curve is generated by plotting the absorbance versus the respective human Fetuin-A concentration for each standard on point-to-point or cubical scales. The concentration of human Fetuin-A in test samples is determined directly from this standard curve.
REAGENTS: Preparation
1. Fetuin-A Antibody Coated Microplate :96 wells
2. Fetuin-A Tracer Antibody :1vial× 0.6 mL
3. Tracer Antibody Diluent:1vial× 12mL
4. Fetuin-A Assay Buffer Concentrate :1vial× 11mL
5. ELISA Wash Concentrate,30X:1 bottle× 20mL
6. ELISA HRP Substrate :1 bottle× 12mL
7. ELISA Stop Solution:1 bottle× 12mL
8. Fetuin-A Standards :5 vials
9. Fetuin-A Controls :2 vials