釜式反應(yīng)器

釜式反應(yīng)器按操作方式可分為：

間歇釜式反應(yīng)器,或稱間歇釜。
特點(diǎn)：操作靈活，易于適應(yīng)不同操作條件和產(chǎn)品品種，適用于小批量、多品種、反應(yīng)時(shí)間較長的產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)。間歇釜的缺點(diǎn)是：需有裝料和卸料等輔助操作，產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量也不易穩(wěn)定。但有些反應(yīng)過程，如一些發(fā)酵反應(yīng)和聚合反應(yīng)，實(shí)現(xiàn)連續(xù)生產(chǎn)尚有困難，至今還采用間歇釜。
連續(xù)釜式反應(yīng)器,或稱連續(xù)釜
特點(diǎn)：可避免間歇釜的缺點(diǎn)，但攪拌作用會造成釜內(nèi)流體的返混。在攪拌劇烈、液體粘度較低或平均停留時(shí)間較長的場合，釜內(nèi)物料流型可視作全混流，反應(yīng)釜相應(yīng)地稱作全混釜。在要求轉(zhuǎn)化率高或有串聯(lián)副反應(yīng)的場合，釜式反應(yīng)器中的返混現(xiàn)象是不利因素。此時(shí)可采用多釜串聯(lián)反應(yīng)器,以減小返混的不利影響，并可分釜控制反應(yīng)條件。
半連續(xù)釜式反應(yīng)器:指一種原料一次加入，另一種原料連續(xù)加入的反應(yīng)器，其特性介于間歇釜和連續(xù)釜之間。

The kettle reactor can be divided into:

Batch tank reactor, or batch kettle.
Features: Flexible operation, easy to adapt to different operating conditions and product varieties, suitable for small batch, multi-variety, long reaction time production. The disadvantage of the batch kettle is that it requires auxiliary operations such as charging and unloading, and the product quality is not easy to stabilize. However, some reaction processes, such as some fermentation reactions and polymerization reactions, have difficulty in achieving continuous production, and batch kettles have hitherto been used.
Continuous tank reactor
Features: The disadvantages of the batch kettle can be avoided, but the agitation will cause backmixing of the fluid in the kettle. In the case of vigorous stirring, low liquid viscosity or long average residence time, the material flow pattern in the kettle can be regarded as a full mixed flow, and the reaction kettle is correspondingly referred to as a full mixed kettle. In the case where a high conversion rate or a series side reaction is required, the back mixing phenomenon in the tank reactor is a disadvantage. In this case, a multi-tank reactor can be used to reduce the adverse effects of back mixing, and the reaction conditions can be controlled by a separate kettle.
Semi-continuous tank reactor: refers to a reactor in which one raw material is added at a time, and another raw material is continuously fed, and its characteristics are between a batch reactor and a continuous reactor.