產(chǎn)品推薦:原料藥機(jī)械|制劑機(jī)械|藥品包裝機(jī)械|制冷機(jī)械|飲片機(jī)械|儀器儀表|制藥用水/氣設(shè)備|通用機(jī)械
1. 全質(zhì)構(gòu)分析的介紹
全質(zhì)構(gòu)分析(TPA)通常是對(duì)樣品進(jìn)行兩次壓縮,來測定食品的質(zhì)構(gòu)特性。它也可以應(yīng)用于其他領(lǐng)域,包括藥物、膠體和個(gè)人護(hù)理品等。在TPA分析中,樣品被質(zhì)構(gòu)儀探頭兩次擠壓來探究樣品被咀嚼時(shí)的變化。所以TPA測試也經(jīng)常被叫做“兩次咬合測試”,因?yàn)橘|(zhì)構(gòu)儀的TPA分析主要是模擬人嘴巴的咬合動(dòng)作。
任何食品的質(zhì)構(gòu)都是多方面的,而且和消費(fèi)者的感官期望相。如果消費(fèi)者不喜歡這種食品,僅僅用硬度和彈性來描述這種食品是不夠的,它也不能滿足人們對(duì)某種食品類型的期望和整體印象描述。TPA分析方法的優(yōu)點(diǎn)在于它能夠在一次實(shí)驗(yàn)過程中將多種質(zhì)構(gòu)參數(shù)定量出來。
2. 全質(zhì)構(gòu)分析的由來
zui開始的TPA方法和參數(shù)設(shè)定是由一個(gè)食品科學(xué)家(Dr. Alina Surmacka Szczesniak)在19世紀(jì)60年代早期提出。Dr. Szczesniak早期的研究主要集中于理解消費(fèi)者在品嘗一系列食品之后感受到的質(zhì)構(gòu)特性,并將這些感覺進(jìn)行分類成能夠客觀定量的模量。盡管感官質(zhì)構(gòu)評(píng)價(jià)非常理想,但是非常浪費(fèi)時(shí)間,而且成本也非常昂貴。所以一個(gè)儀器分析方法就顯得非常必要了。所以,Dr. Szczesniak團(tuán)隊(duì)研發(fā)出了*臺(tái)儀器,名字叫General Foods Texturometer。
3. TPA參數(shù)如何計(jì)算?
參數(shù) | 定義 | 計(jì)算 | |
Hardness (硬度) | The maximum force of the 1st compression. | Same | |
Fracturability(脆性) | The force at the first peak | Peak Force at F1 | |
Cohesiveness(內(nèi)聚性) | The area of work during the second compression divided by the area of work during the first compression. | Area 2/Area 1 | |
Springiness (彈性) | Springiness is now expressed as a ratio or percentage of a product's original height. Springiness is measured several ways, but most typically, by the distance of the detected height during the second compression divided by the original compression distance. | Distance 2 / Distance 1 | |
Gumminess (膠著性) | Gumminess is mutually exclusive with Chewiness since a product would not be both a semi-solid and a solid at the same time. | Hardness * (Area 2/Area 1) | Hardness x Cohesiveness |
Gumminess applies only to semi-solid products and is Hardness * Cohesiveness (which is Area 2/Area 1). | |||
Chewiness (咀嚼性) | Gumminess * Distance 2 / Distance 1 | Hardness x Cohesiveness x Springiness | |
Chewiness applies only to solid products and is calculated as Gumminess * Springiness (which is Distance2/Distance1). | |||
Resilience (回復(fù)性) | It is calculated by dividing the upstroke energy of the first compression by the downstroke energy of the first compression. | Area 4/Area 3 |
4. 典型的TPA曲線
(1)小麥面包TPA曲線
(2)熱狗TPA曲線
(3)切達(dá)奶酪TPA曲線
(4)擠壓制品TPA曲線
(5)生面團(tuán)TPA曲線
(6)意大利面TPA曲線
(7)凝膠TPA曲線
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