Clozapine N-oxide (Synonyms: 氯dan平N-氧化物)
Clozapine N-oxide 是一種 Clozapine 的主要代謝產(chǎn)物,也是一種人毒蕈堿設(shè)計(jì)受體 (DREADDs) 激動(dòng)劑。Clozapine N-oxide 可ji活 DREADD 受體 hM3Dq 和 hM4Di。Clozapine N-oxide 可以穿過(guò)血腦屏障。Clozapine 是一種有效的多巴胺拮抗劑,也一種是有效的選擇性毒蕈堿 M4 受體 (muscarinic M4 receptor) (EC50 為 11 nM) 激動(dòng)劑。
生物活性
Clozapine N-oxide is a major metabolite of Clozapine and a human muscarinic designer receptors (DREADDs) agonist. Clozapine N-oxide activates the DREADD receptor hM3Dq and hM4Di. Clozapine N-oxide can cross the blood-brain barrier[1][2][3][4]. Clozapine is a potent dopamine antagonist and also a potent and selective muscarinic M4 receptor (EC50=11 nM) agonist[5][6].
IC50 & Target
Human muscarinic designer receptors (DREADDs)[1]
體外研究(In Vitro)
Clozapine N-oxide (CNO) can bind to non-DREADD receptors at concentrations required for DREADD activation, and undergoes reverse-metabolism to its parent compound clozapine, an atypical antipsychotic that acts at a variety of pharmacological targets and produces numerous physiological and behavioral effects[2].
體內(nèi)研究(In Vivo)
After a single intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of Clozapine N-oxide (1 mg/kg) into mice, Clozapine N-oxide (CNO) plasma levels peak at 15 min and are very low after 2 h. Despite the short plasma half-life of CNO in mice, the biological effects that have been described after acute treatment of DREADD-expressing experimental animals are usually much longer (6-10 h)[1].
分子量:342.82
Formula:C18H19ClN4O
CAS 號(hào):34233-69-7
中文名稱:氯dan平N-氧化物
運(yùn)輸條件:Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
儲(chǔ)存方式:
Powder | -20°C | 3 years |
---|---|---|
4°C | 2 years | |
In solvent | -80°C | 6 months |
-20°C | 1 month |
溶解性數(shù)據(jù)
DMSO : ≥ 100 mg/mL (291.70 mM)
H2O : 1 mg/mL (2.92 mM; Need ultrasonic)
* "≥" means soluble, but saturation unknown.
1 mM | 2.9170 mL | 14.5849 mL | 29.1698 mL |
5 mM | 0.5834 mL | 2.9170 mL | 5.8340 mL |
10 mM | 0.2917 mL | 1.4585 mL | 2.9170 mL |
請(qǐng)根據(jù)產(chǎn)品在不同溶劑中的溶解度選擇合適的溶劑配制儲(chǔ)備液;一旦配成溶液,請(qǐng)分裝保存,避免反復(fù)凍融造成的產(chǎn)品失效。
儲(chǔ)備液的保存方式和期限:-80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month。-80°C 儲(chǔ)存時(shí),請(qǐng)?jiān)?6 個(gè)月內(nèi)使用,-20°C 儲(chǔ)存時(shí),請(qǐng)?jiān)?1 個(gè)月內(nèi)使用。
請(qǐng)根據(jù)您的實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物和給藥方式選擇適當(dāng)?shù)娜芙夥桨?。以下溶解方案都?qǐng)先按照 In Vitro 方式配制澄清的儲(chǔ)備液,再依次添加助溶劑:
——為保證實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果的可靠性,澄清的儲(chǔ)備液可以根據(jù)儲(chǔ)存條件,適當(dāng)保存;體內(nèi)實(shí)驗(yàn)的工作液,建議您現(xiàn)用現(xiàn)配,當(dāng)天使用; 以下溶劑前顯示的百
分比是指該溶劑在您配制終溶液中的體積占比;如在配制過(guò)程中出現(xiàn)沉淀、析出現(xiàn)象,可以通過(guò)加熱和/或超聲的方式助溶
- 1.
請(qǐng)依序添加每種溶劑: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% saline
Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (7.29 mM); Clear solution
- 2.
請(qǐng)依序添加每種溶劑: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)
Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (7.29 mM); Clear solution
- 3.
請(qǐng)依序添加每種溶劑: 10% DMSO 90% corn oil
Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (7.29 mM); Clear solution
- 4.
請(qǐng)依序添加每種溶劑: PBS
Solubility: 2.44 mg/mL (7.12 mM); Clear solution; Need ultrasonic and warming and heat to 60°C
- 5.
請(qǐng)依序添加每種溶劑: 5% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 50% saline
Solubility: ≥ 0.5 mg/mL (1.46 mM); Clear solution
- 6.
請(qǐng)依序添加每種溶劑: 5% DMSO 95% (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)
Solubility: ≥ 0.5 mg/mL (1.46 mM); Clear solution
參考文獻(xiàn)
[1]. Wess J, et al. Novel designer receptors to probe GPCR signaling and physiology. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2013 Jul;34(7):385-92. [Content Brief]
[2]. Manvich DF, et al. The DREADD agonist clozapine N-oxide (CNO) is reverse-metabolized to clozapine and produces clozapine-like interoceptive stimulus effects in rats and mice. Sci Rep. 2018 Mar 1;8(1):3840. [Content Brief]
[3]. van der Peet PL, et al. Gram scale preparation of clozapine N-oxide (CNO), a synthetic small molecule actuator for muscarinic acetylcholine DREADDs. MethodsX. 2018 Mar 23;5:257-267. [Content Brief]
[4]. Joseph Cichon, et al. Branch-specific dendritic Ca(2+) spikes cause persistent synaptic plasticity. Nature. 2015 Apr 9;520(7546):180-5. [Content Brief]
[5]. Silva RR, et al. Evaluation of Functional Selectivity of NSC 170973, Clozapine, and LASSBio-579, an Experimental Compound With Antipsychotic-Like Actions in Rodents, at G Protein and Arrestin Signaling Downstream of the Dopamine D2 Receptor. Front Pharmac [Content Brief]
[6]. Zorn SH, et al. Clozapine is a potent and selective muscarinic M4 receptor agonist. Eur J Pharmacol. 1994 Nov 15;269(3):R1-2. [Content Brief]
注:產(chǎn)品僅用于科研